Cov txheej txheem refining ntawm almond roj
Cov txheej txheem refining ntawm almond roj feem ntau yuav tsum tau mus txog plaub theem ntawm degumming (degumming, deacidification, decolorization, deodorization) thiab fractionation, thiab los ntawm refining, nws muaj peev xwm ncav cuag cov qauv xav tau rau txhua qib roj.
1. Degumming
Lub hom phiaj ntawm degumming yog tshem tawm tag nrho cov pos hniav hauv cov roj almond thiab tsim cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thaum phospholipids hauv cov pos hniav yuav cuam tshuam rau deodorization thiab decolorization thaum lub sij hawm distillation, thiab tseem tuaj yeem chelate nrog cov hlau ions kom nce cov txheej txheem muag oxygen. , cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov roj, thiaj li yuav tau txais cov khoom siv roj almond uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ua cov txheej txheem degumming.
2. Deacidification
Deacidification yog cov txheej txheem ntawm neutralizing dawb fatty acids nyob rau hauv almond roj los ntawm kev ntxiv alkali, thiab nws yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem roj refining. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog: tom qab ntxiv alkali, dawb fatty acids ua dej-soluble ntsev thiab raug tshem tawm. Hauv kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag, qee qhov ntau ntawm alkali yuav tsum tau ntxiv los ua kom tiav cov alkali refining. Tus nqi ntawm alkali ntxiv, alkali concentration, kub, crude roj zoo, thiab stirring lub sij hawm thiab ceev tag nrho cov cuam tshuam cov nyhuv ntawm alkali refining. Neutralization thiab deacidification yog txheej txheem uas muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov khoom zoo thiab tus nqi. Yog tias muaj teeb meem nrog cov txheej txheem neutralization, nws yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem rau ntau yam txheej txheem tom qab decolorization thiab txo cov khoom zoo thiab tawm los.
3. Decolorization
Xim yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj almond, yog li decolorization yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj refining. Decolorization tsis yog tshem tawm tag nrho cov xim, tab sis los txhim kho cov xim ntawm cov roj almond, txhim kho cov roj zoo, thiab muab cov roj tsim nyog rau kev ua kom zoo ntxiv. Ntxiv nrog rau kev tshem tawm cov xim hauv cov roj, decolorization tuaj yeem txo cov ntsiab lus phospholipid, peroxide tus nqi, xab npum thiab cov ntsiab lus hlau ion, yog li txhim kho cov xim roj, tsw thiab oxidative stability, thiab ntxiv refining thiab hydrogenation ntawm roj. , Deodorization muab cov kev mob zoo.
Tam sim no, feem ntau siv txoj kev rau roj decolorization yog qhib av nplaum adsorption decolorization txoj kev, uas yog, siv av nplaum, ib yam khoom uas muaj zog xaiv adsorption, tshem tawm pigments soluble nyob rau hauv cov roj nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob los yog disperse nyob rau hauv cov roj nrog colloidal hais. Pigments thiab lwm yam impurities. Tom qab ntsuas, cov roj yog preheated rau 80 ~ 90 degree, tag nrho cov roj yog pre-mixed nrog activated av nplaum, thiab ces xa mus rau lub decolorization ntauwd rau decolorization. Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov roj thiab cov av nplaum ua haujlwm tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj siab, thiab tag nrho cov kev sib xyaw ua ntej yog nqa tawm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, uas tiv thaiv oxidation ntawm cov roj los ntawm cua sov mus rau qhov loj tshaj plaws, yog li ua kom cov khoom siv roj zoo.
Kev sib cais ntawm cov roj thiab cov av nplaum pov tseg tom qab decolorization yog los ntawm kev pom. Nyob rau hauv Suav teb, ob daim ntawv ntawm ntsug nplooj lim thiab phaj thiab thav duab lim feem ntau yog siv rau kev nruam roj decolorization hauv Suav teb. Thaum cov nplooj ntsug ntsug yog pom, qhov nruab nrab sib cais yog kaw tag nrho thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem. Tom qab pom, qhuav cov roj hauv lub ncuav mog qab zib lim nrog chav qhuav, uas tuaj yeem txo cov roj seem hauv cov ncuav mog qab zib lim thiab txo cov roj oxidation.
Nyob rau hauv lub decolorized huv cov roj tau los ntawm cov saum toj no-hais thawj pom, ib tug tej yam nqi ntawm cov av nplaum pov tseg yuav inevitably nyob twj ywm vim lub lim khoom los yog kev khiav hauj lwm. Yog hais tias nws raug xa ncaj qha mus rau deodorization, nws yuav ua rau kom cov oxidation ntawm cov roj thiab ua paug rau cov khoom deodorization. , detrimental rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv roj zaum kawg. Yog li ntawd, hauv kev tsim khoom tiag tiag, cov roj decolorized ntshiab uas tau pib lim feem ntau yuav tsum tau lim kom zoo kom ntseeg tau cov xim thiab zoo ntawm cov khoom siv roj zaum kawg. Cov yam ntxwv uas cuam tshuam rau cov nyhuv decolorization yog:
(1) Decolorization kub: qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov nyhuv yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 110. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov dej condensed los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv lub ncuav mog qab zib lim thiab cuam tshuam rau qhov ziab ntawm lub ncuav mog qab zib lim thiab tsis siv neeg slag unloading, qhov kub ntawm lub lim nruab nrab yuav tsum tau lav rau saum toj no. 105 degree.
(2) Lub sijhawm decolorization: Lub sijhawm decolorization zoo ntawm cov roj yuav tsum tau tswj tsis pub dhau 20 ~ 30min kom ntseeg tau tias cov nyhuv decolorization.
(3) Lub siab tsis muaj zog: lub siab siab hauv lub decolorizer yuav tsum raug txo kom 9.3 ~ 6.6kPa, uas yog, nqus decolorization, uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov huab cua hauv nws. Tsim nyog zoo nplawm cov hniav tuaj yeem txhim kho cov nyhuv decolorization thiab xam lub sijhawm decolorization zoo.
4. Deodorization
Deodorization feem ntau yog tshem tawm cov ntxhiab tsw hauv cov roj. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog siv qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab thiab triglycerides kom tshem tawm cov ntxhiab tsw hauv qhov kub thiab txias. Deodorization tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog tshem tawm cov ntxhiab tsw hauv cov roj, txhim kho qhov tsw ntawm cov roj edible, tab sis kuj ua rau kom cov pa taws ntawm cov roj. Muaj batch, semi-nruam thiab nruam txoj kev rau roj deodorization. Cov qub yog siv rau cov khoom me me (qis dua 12t), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau lauric acid hom roj. Cov txheej txheem ib nrab thiab tsis tu ncua deodorization muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo, lub voj voog luv luv thiab tsis muaj zog poob. Hom semi-nruab nrab tuaj yeem hloov cov khoom siv tau yooj yim, tiv thaiv luv luv ntawm cov roj, thiab xyuas kom cov khoom zoo. Hom kev nruam tsis tas yuav batch pub thiab tawm ntawm cov roj los ntawm txhua lub tank, thiab tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cua sov thiab cua txias.
Lub peev xwm ua tau loj thiab kev ua haujlwm yooj yim. Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev nyab xeeb thiab kev nyiam huv, nrog rau qhov nrov ntawm cov txheej txheem deodorization tsis tu ncua, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev xaiv ntawm tshav kub nruab nrab rau deodorization txheej txheem, piv nrog rau cov chav thiab hluav taws xob cua sov, tshav kub hloov roj raws li ib tug cab kuj yog ntau yig thiab zoo, thiab nws daim ntawv thov yog ua ntau thiab dav. Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias nyob rau hauv lub lauj kaub tshwj xeeb tsim deodorization, lub tshuab nqus tsev ntawm cov roj almond tiav deodorization yog 260Pa, qhov kub thiab txias yog 200 degree, thiab chav noj yog 3% ~ 8 feem pua ntawm cov roj almond zoo.
Nyob rau hauv cov pa deodorizers, lub siab ntawm cov yeeb nkab txias yog feem ntau siab dhau heev lawm vim cov roj kub kub thaum pib ntawm lub cua txias, ua rau muaj kev vibration ntawm lub coil thiab lub lauj kaub, uas yog heev txaus ntshai. Txhawm rau zam qhov teeb meem no, hauv kev tsim cov txheej txheem thiab cov khoom siv, cov dej kub thiab cov twj tso kua mis yuav tsum tau siv rau kev ua kom txias hauv thawj theem.
5. Ib feem
Txhawm rau kom cov ntsiab lus ntawm unsaturated fatty acids xws li oleic acid nyob rau hauv cov khoom, txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm saturated fatty acids, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog stearic fatty acids, thiab tshem tawm wax, thiab lwm yam., cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib cais raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv. Cov tshuaj hu ua fractionation. Feem ntau, nws yog khov ntawm -5 degree rau 48h, thiab tom qab ntawd centrifuged kom nce cov ntsiab lus oleic acid. Diatomite tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov ceev ceev ntawm cov roj khov thiab txhim kho cov khoom zoo hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm fractionation.
